Organic Xenobiotics

Chemical carcinogenesis in feral fish: uptake, activation, and detoxication of organic xenobiotics.

The high prevalence of liver neoplasms in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) and substantially lower prevalence of neoplasms in a closely related species, starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) captured from industrialized waterways, provide a unique opportunity to compare biochemical processes involved in chemical carcinogenesis in feral fish species. Because levels of aromatic hydrocarbons (AH...

Prediction of reacting atoms for the major biotransformation reactions of organic xenobiotics

BACKGROUND The knowledge of drug metabolite structures is essential at the early stage of drug discovery to understand the potential liabilities and risks connected with biotransformation. The determination of the site of a molecule at which a particular metabolic reaction occurs could be used as a starting point for metabolite identification. The prediction of the site of metabolism does not a...

Microbial transformation of xenobiotics

Introduction The term xenobiotic (Greek xenos + bioticos, which means “strange” and “life-related” respectively) means a chemical substance that is not a natural component of a living organism exposed to it, i.e. a strange, exogenous substance or anthropogenic material. This definition covers substances strange to the target organisms, hence its use for most poisons and drugs. An important grou...

Co-oxidation of xenobiotics.

Co-oxidation of xenobiotics has been shown t o occur during prostaglandin synthase (PGS)-catalysed synthesis of prostaglandins (Marnett. 198 I ; EIing et al.. 1983; Marnett & Eling. 1983). PGS catalyses the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to hydroxy endoperoxides (e.g. PGH2). The most important substrate in vivo is arachidonic acid (AA) . PGS contains two activities: the fatty acid c...

Biodegradation of Xenobiotics